Based on a comprehensive assessment of nine UNESCO World Heritage Garden sites (including Canglang Ting, Zhuozheng Yuan, and others), an evaluation was conducted of the species diversity, age structure, and physiological condition of ancient woody plantings using the standardized ISA. Tree Condition Index methodology. It was established that species such as Pinus bungeana Zucc. (present in 66.6 % of the gardens) and Juniperus chinensis L. (with individual specimens up to 930 years old) serve as key structural landscape elements and important cultural symbols. Major threats were identified, including high recreational pressure (up to 500 visitors per day) and biotic damage. For 60 % of the J. chinensis specimens, a weakened condition was recorded (ISA <50 %). Proposed conservation measures include regular soil condition monitoring, regulation of tourist flow, the application of biochar to improve soil conditions (at a rate of 20 t/ha), and the establishment of buffer quarantine zones around trees older than 300 years.

Liu M.